Operational amplifiers (Op Amps) are among the most common amplifier chips, characterized by high input impedance, low output impedance, and high open-loop gain. They typically have two input terminals (non-inverting and inverting) and one output terminal, performing amplification, filtering, integration, differentiation, and comparison functions through external feedback circuitry.
An ideal operational amplifier has infinite gain, infinite input impedance, and zero output impedance; however, practical devices are affected by factors such as bandwidth, offset voltage, and noise. In analog circuit design, operational amplifiers are widely used in sensor signal conditioning, voltage tracking, current sensing, and data acquisition systems, making them indispensable fundamental components in modern electronic products.
